These examples are from the cambridge english corpus and from sources on the web. Technology definition of technology by merriamwebster. Some basic issues introduction in this paper we address basic questions concerning technology and transfer of technology. Past researchers have viewed and defined the term technology from many. As i mentioned above technology transfer is also considered as transfer of technology. The journal of technology transfer, the official journal of the technology transfer society, provides an international forum for the exchange of ideas that enhance and build an understanding of the practice of technology transfer. Jan 14, 2020 in its broadest definition, so as to capture all the activities for its execution, the scope of bulk drug technology transfer encompasses the tasks listed below. The communication or transmission of a technology from one country to another. In an increasingly globalised world, the promise of technology transfer is a key consideration for all countries whether in low, middle and high income countries. Technology transfer, also known as tech transfer or technology commercialization, is the process by which valuable research, skills, knowledge, andor technology is delivered from government, colleges and universities, or other research institutions into the corporate environment where it can be nurtured and developed into a commercial product or service with wider application and distribution. Defining the concepts of technology and technology. Technology readiness levels definitions and descriptions. The technology transfer process typically involves.
Does the sale of a technology constitute technology transfer. A survey of 229 technology transfer projects at 29 federal laboratories, conducted by the georgia institute of technology, found that 22 percent of the projects resulted in new commercial products, while 38 percent contributed to products under development. Here the reader is encouraged to place bookmarks on figs. Technology transfer is a process for applying known technologies to new and novel applications. The laws of nature ultimately limit technological improvement in any field.
Technology transfer process mit technology licensing office. Scope and definition social responsibility state contracts taking of property taxation transfer of funds transfer of technology transfer pricing transparency trends in international investment agreements. Additional definitions can include the net sales, sublicensee, etc. Defining the concepts of technology and technology transfer a literature analysis. According to these definitions, technology does not need to be moved vertically. Pdf technology transfer is a process for applying known. Conceptual backgroundtechnological transfer as model. Universities worldwide play a leading role in advancing the frontiers of science and technology. Many companies, universities and governmental organizations now have an office of technology transfer tto, also known as tech transfer or techxfer dedicated to identifying research which has potential commercial interest and strategies for how to exploit it. This may be accomplished in a variety of ways, ranging from deliberate licensing to reverse engineering. Technology transfer is an important component of the overall innovation process.
General license agreement terms technology transfer. Technology transfer is the process or act by which a country or organization which has developed new technology enables another country or. Technology transfer has become the term that more appropriately describes all the events associated with the first manufacture of a new bulk drug or for that matter, of any new product with its own distinct process for manufacture. The paper commences with an overview of technology transfer and some important existing models of technology transfer. Pdf defining the concepts of technology and technology. This becomes more intricate when we think of other technologies. Technology readiness level or trl is a widely used indicator of degree of development of a technology toward deployment on a scale of 19, with 9 being fully. Information and translations of technology transfer in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. As a broad definition, technology transfer, systematic chain of. The goal of technology transfer activities is to transfer product and process knowledge between. Vens value is derived from a basket of currencies and financial instruments, and. Technology transfer, also called transfer of technology and technology commercialisation, is the process of transferring skills, knowledge, technologies, methods of manufacturing, samples of manufacturing and facilities among governments or universities and other institutions to ensure that scientific and technological developments are accessible to a wider range of users who can then further develop and exploit the technology into new products, processes, applications, materials or services. Of particular importance will be the definition of the technologypatent rights being licensed, field of use that the licensee can sell the technology, and the geographic scope of the license rights.
Unido, 1996, manual on technology transfer negotiations. Before executing the srl, it is necessary to define the concept of the tt model. Transfer of technology is the process of transferring technology from one organization to any other person. An overview of technology transfer and technology transfer models. Genetic engineering, bionics agricultural technology produces plants and animals for food, fiber, and fuel. Technology transfer models and elements in the university. Technology and global change 23 changewediscusstechnologicaldi.
Definition and measurement discussions of the economic consequences of trade in technologyfor both the united states and the communist world have been hampered by conceptual and practical difficulties in gathering and interpreting data. Technology transfer issues and a new technology transfer model. Technology transfer is the process by which basic science research and fundamental discoveries are developed into practical and commercially relevant applications and products. The term is widely recognized, but the process is not well understood.
Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the cambridge dictionary editors or of cambridge university press or its licensors. The context in which the process takes place, as well as the concept of technology itself that is used strongly influence the definition of transfer of technology. The term technology transfer can be defined as the process of movement of technology from one entity to another souder et al. Technology transfer how is technology transfer abbreviated. The literature on transfer of technology uses a rich variety of concepts and definitions but no clear consensus exists about the nature of this process. The term technology is wide, and everyone has their way of understanding its meaning. Flight airplane, rocket, space shuttle land train, subway, automobile, bicycle water commercial, cruise ships nonvehicle conveyor belts, pipelines. The definitions depend on how the user defines technology and in what context chen 1996. Us universities offered training programmes, for example through scholarships for international students, managed by the us.
The process to commercially exploit research varies widely. Technology transfer, also called transfer of technology tot, is the process of transferring disseminating technology from the places and ingroups of its origination to wider distribution among. Technology transfer also called transfer of technology tot and technology commercialisation, is the process of skill transferring, knowledge, technologies, methods of manufacturing, samples of manufacturing and facilities among governments or universities and other institutions to ensure that scientific and technological developments are accessible to a. Technology is a body of knowledge devoted to creating tools, processing actions and the extracting of materials. The movement of scientific methods of production or distribution from one enterprise, institution or country to another, as through foreign investment, international trade, licensing of patents rights, technical assistance or training. However, the importance of technology transfer from a development perspective is nothing new. The intention is to address the basic considerations needed for a successful transfer in order to satisfy the regulatory authority defined for the transfer process. Definition of the process startup targets of yield, product quality, capacity, waste loads, etc. Technology transfer often refers to transferring a technology between a research laboratory and a commercial partner, including industry, academia, and state and local governments.
Transportation technology transportation technology provides a way for people, animals, products, and materials to be moved from one place to the next. Identifying new technologies stemming from research activities. And i think if the g8 is successful in getting a way forward in getting practical technology development and technology transfer then this meeting in gleneagles will have served the world well. Definition of technology transfer in the definitions. Implementing a technology transfer project that could help address some of the important process management problems faced by managers of technology transfer projects and avoid common errors that they tend to make. Technology transfer may or may not result in commercial products. It can occur through publications, educated students entering the workforce, exchanges at conferences, and relationships with industry. Transfer definition and meaning collins english dictionary. Movement of innovations, knowledge, and techniques from one organization or country to another through assistance, investment, licensing, trade, or training. Technology transfer definition of technology transfer by. After world war ii, the united states began a number of initiatives to build up agricultural science in developing countries and help transfer technology. Definition and measurement discussions of the economic consequences of trade in technologyfor both the united states and the communist world have been hampered by conceptual.
In section i we discuss the nature of technology, technology and science and intermediate technology. By scrutinizing the technology definition, there are two basic components that can be identified. Technology transfer definition of technology transfer by lexico. A virtual currency used by members of the social network hub culture for the purchase of goods and services. We use technology to accomplish various tasks in our daily lives, in brief. Technology meaning in the cambridge english dictionary. By scrutinizing the technology definition, there are two basic.
They will also be able to seek out opportunities for both business development and technology transfer, she added. Technology transfer article about technology transfer by. The process of converting scientific findings from research laboratories into useful products by the commercial sector. Technology development corporation of cape cod is a notforprofit virtual incubator with the mission to facilitate technology transfer and technology commercialization from its. Biorelated and agricultural technology biotechnology transforms living things into products or new forms of life. The introduction of a technology into a developing country, is understood by some developed countries as having achieved the objective of technology transfer. Defining the concepts of technology and technology transfer. If you transfer something or someone from one place to another, or they transfer from one. Technology definition is the practical application of knowledge especially in a particular area. Sep 07, 2018 medical definition of technology transfer medical author. Technology transfer, also called transfer of technology tot, is the process of transferring.
The experience of china, india, japan, philippines, the republic of korea, singapore and thailand. The results show that for countries with low levels of production endogenous technology, transfer of technology to fill this gap is inevitable. Agricultural technology transfer to developing countries and. Technology transfer and pharmaceutical quality systems. Transfer of technology article about transfer of technology. The transfer may be said to be successful if the receiving. After defining a need, an organisation must search for appropriate technology that will. Technology transfer meaning, advantages, objective and. Dictionary term of the day articles subjects businessdictionary business dictionary.
Technology can be the knowledge of techniques, processes, and the like, or it can be embedded in. Assignment of technological intellectual property, developed and generated in one place, to another through legal means such as technology licensing or franchising. Perspectives on innovation have evolved over time, with a shift from a linear to a systems conceptual framework. Pdf understanding technology transfer researchgate. Appropriate technology definition is technology that is suitable to the social and economic conditions of the geographic area in which it is to be applied, is environmentally sound, and promotes selfsufficiency on the part of those using it. The process of converting scientific findings from research laboratories into. It means transferring technology from the owner who owns the technology to another person. In particular, it emphasizes research on management practices and strategies for technology transfer. Technology transfer process technology transfer is the movement of knowledge and discoveries to the general public.
What is technology meaning of technology and its use. Definition and scope of the technology transfer technology. Given that technology materialization in other words is the most tangible embodiment of an idea or a theory, to fully understand the concept of technology transfer the definition of intellectual property must be taken as the outset. In section ii, channels and process of technology transfer will be examined. I am pleased to present this study on technology transfer, intellectual property rights and universityindustry partnerships. Dec 28, 2016 technology transfer, also called transfer of technology tot, is the process of transferring disseminating technology from the places and ingroups of its origination to wider distribution among. Scott carter, office of technology transfer, california. Technology science of craft, from greek, techne, art, skill, cunning of hand. Dec 11, 2012 technology transfer often refers to transferring a technology between a research laboratory and a commercial partner, including industry, academia, and state and local governments. Intellectual property is a set of laws enshrined to protect the creativity of human intelligence and thus give appropriate incentives to those who engage in research or creation.
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